Russia postpones Iskander missiles export

Last month, July 2014, it was announced that Russia may sell Iskander missiles systems to China. 

MOSCOW, Aug. 13 (Xinhua) -- Russia embargoed export of Iskander missile systems until 2016 due to insufficient production capacities, the weaponry producer said Wednesday.

"Production of these missiles is a bottleneck. The Votkinsk plant (in northwestern Russia's Udmurt republic) has been working to the limits of its capacity," Itar-Tass news agency quoted a deputy director of the KBM Machine-building Design Bureau as saying.

The official said that all potential clients have been informed about the delay, as he was attending an arms expo in the city of Zhukovsky outside Moscow,

The KBM cannot swiftly increase Iskander production for the Russian Armed Forces to 12 systems a year required by the Defense Ministry, he said.

The Iskander tactic missiles system is an advanced ground-to-ground first-strike complex with a range of 500 km.

China Air Force will need 400 Y-20 military transport aircraft to catch up U.S. and Russian Air Forces.

The People's Liberation Army will need at least 400 Y-20 cargo planes produced by the Xi'an Aircraft Industrial Corporation in order to catch up with the force projection capabilities of the United States, Russia and India, according to a report published by the National Defense University of China cited in the party-run People's Daily.

The report said that the three-dimensional transportation network in China consisting of air, ground and maritime vehicles will play an important role in improve the force projection capability of the Chinese military. During an exercise in 2009, passenger and cargo planes from civilian airlines were mobilized to transfer 50,000 officers from China's four different military regions to participate in the exercise along with military aircraft and ground transporation.

China Offers Missile Technology to Indonesia

(Picture: Indonesian Navy warship firing a Chinese-made C-802 Anti-ship missile).

JAKARTA, -- Defense Minister Purnomo Yusgiantoro,said that Indonesia has established a defense industry cooperation with the People's Republic of China. Purnomo said that the Chinese are ready to transfer technology in making missiles.

"The Chinese Administration supports the technology-transfer," Purnomo told the press after receiving General Fan Changlong from the Chinese Military. General Fan is a high ranking official, often considered having equal proportion as the Vice President.

Purnomo added that the technology-transfer will be conducted in several stages, given the different authorities that the two nations have. The State Administration for Science Technology and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND) from China is not under the authority of the Defense Ministry.

Indonesia, however, is highly satisfied with the performance of Chinese missiles. "The navy, particularly, is satisfied in terms of quantity, quality, and price," said Purnomo. He added that Indonesia is prioritizing the cooperation on low and medium-range missile.


#AseanMilitaryDefenseReview

Beijing closer to Iskander‬-E ‪ ‎missile‬ system deal with Russia

‎BEIJING‬, After the Russian delegation attending the Seventh International Exhibition of Weapons and Military Equipment held in the Belarus capital of Minsk between July 9-12, the nation is ready to export the Iskander-E short-range ballistic missile and Vasily Kashin from the Moscow-based Center for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies told the Voice of Russia that it's likely that the missile will be sold to China.
Kashin said that Russia is currently discussing the sale of the S-400 surface-to-air missile with China and Belarus. Russia will likely sell the Iskander-E together with the S-400 to both nations if the deals are successful. The Iskander-E was designed to replace the SS-21 Scarab-B Tochka-U tactical missile commissioned by the Soviet military back in 1989.
The Iskander-E could confer an advantage to the People's Liberation Army in the event of any potential conflict with India, Japan, South Korea or Taiwan. This is firstly because the missile is very difficult to intercept, as it is capable of making 30G evasive maneuvers and can release decoys during the terminal phase, and because it can hit targets with a very high level of accuracy. Even if the enemy has air supremacy, the Iskander-E can still perform well on the battlefield.
Kashin said that several modifications will be carried out on the Iskander-E if China agrees to purchase the missile from Russia. It can be redesigned as a cruise missile with an attacking range of 2,000 kilometers, for example. As the Soviet Union signed the Treaty for the Elimination of Medium-range Missile with the United States in 1987, Russia cannot make its own version of the Iskander-E cruise missile, however, China is not a signatory.
(PHOTO) Iskander-E – mobile theater ballistic missile system export version, specially designed to meet MTCR restrictions. Range: ~280 km.

China to be the first foreign country own S-400

According an article published on the Russian news agency ITAR-TASS website, China would become the first foreign country to buy long- and medium-range anti-aircraft defense missile systems S-400 Triumf. In March 2014, Russia's president, Vladimir Putin, has given a green light to sell the country's newest S-400 air defense guided missile system to China.

Armyrecognition

Why Japan's Smaller Military Could Hold Its Own Against China

image: wiki

China's soaring military spending - up 12.3% this year - and aggressive gestures in the Pacific could be setting the scene for major conflict. With various countries feuding over Pacific territory, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe compared the ratcheting tensions to Europe before World War I.
China's $188 billion military budget far surpasses the $49 billion budget of Japan, its biggest regional rival, even if it doesn't come close to America's budget of $640 billion.China's military is also much bigger than Japan's, with 2.3 million active personnel compared to 58,000 and lots more equipment. Consequently, China ranks third on the Global Firepower Index, which heavily weights sheer numbers, behind the U.S. and Russia and well ahead of Japan at tenth.

But is China's military actually stronger than Japan's?

First of all, it should be noted that any military conflict between China and Japan would likely draw in Japan's superpower ally. The U.S. is bound by a mutual defense treaty to protect Japan, including the contested Senkaku islands, and it operates numerous military bases in Japan.Even on its own, however, Japan's smaller military has a qualitative advantage over China.The majority of Chinese weapons systems are in various stages of decay, as detailed by Kyle Mizokami at War Is Boring. Only 450 of China's 7,580 tanks are anywhere near modern. Likewise, only 502 of China's 1,321 strong air force are deemed capable - the rest date to refurbished Soviet planes from the 1970s. Only half of China's submarines have been built within the past twenty years.China's first aircraft carrier, the Liaoning, is a refurbished Soviet ship from the 1980s that is too small to launch most long-range places and will probably be limited to hugging China's coast.

In comparison, Japan has been supplied with advanced military equipment from the U.S. In this coming year alons, it is slated to purchase completely new anti-missile destroyers, submarines, amphibious vehicles, surveillance drones, fighter planes, and V-22 Ospreys from the U.S. Japan also expects to receive deliveries of F-35s starting in March 2017.The F-35 is Liaoning's worst nightmare, China's state-owned Global Times reported based on a Kanwa Asian Defense, which found that the F-35 could strike the Liaoning with hard-to-intercept joint strike missiles from a safe distance of 290km. The F-35 should also be able to locate and engage China's main aircraft, the J-15, before the F-35 is even detected.The Japanese islands are also well-protected by a missile defense system equipped with Standard Missile-3 and Patriot Advanced Capability-3 interceptors. These missiles are capable of shooting down a ballistic missile both inside and outside of Earth's atmosphere.

"Japan has the strongest navy and air force in Asia except for the United States," Dr. Larry M. Wortzel, the president of Asia Strategies and Risks, said in a presentation at the Institute of World Politics last September. "They're still restricted by Article 9 of the Constitution, which forever renounces war as a sovereign right of the nation ... but you don't want to mess with them."While Japan maintains a significant qualitative advantage, however, the vast size of China's military should not be understated, nor its rapid expansion and modernization. No wonder Japan has responded with its first military expansion in more than 40 years.

businessinsider

Submarines powers in Asia Pacific Region

heritage.org/research/reports/2006/03/chinas-submarine-challenge

Sea-power trends in the Pacific Ocean are ominous. By 2025, China's navy could rule the waves of the Pacific. By some estimates, Chinese attack submarines will outnumber U.S. submarines in the Pacific by five to one and Chinese nuclear ballistic missile submarines will prowl America's Western littoral, each closely tailed by two U.S. attack submarines that have better things to do. The United States, meanwhile, will likely struggle to build enough submarines to meet this challenge.

A misplaced diplomacy leaves some U.S. Navy commanders reluctant to admit publicly that China's rapidly expanding submarine force in the Pacific is a threat, but if the Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) and the latest Pentagon "Report on the Military Power of the People's Republic of China" (MPPRC Report) are any indication, they are undoubtedly thinking it. In a speech sponsored by the Asia Society in Washington earlier this month, for example, Admiral Gary Roughead, commander of the U.S. Pacific Fleet, commented,
I'm always asked about the Chinese threat and I say, 'It's not a threat,' because you have to have two things to have a threat, and that's capability and intent. There is no question that the PLA navy is modernizing and building its capability and is moving very quickly, but what is the intent?
The Pentagon has already begun to answer this question, but it has yet to do so in a way that shows it takes this threat seriously.
China's Intent
The QDR addresses the question of China's intent:
Chinese military modernization has accelerated since the mid-to-late 1990s in response to central leadership demands to develop military options against Taiwan scenarios. The pace and scope of China's military build-up already puts regional military balances at risk. China is likely to continue making large investments in high-end, asymmetric military capabilities, emphasizing electronic and cyber-warfare; counter-space operations; ballistic and cruise missiles; advanced integrated air Defense systems; next generation torpedoes; advanced submarines; strategic nuclear strike from modern, sophisticated land and sea-based systems; and theater unmanned aerial vehicles…
According to the MPPRC Report's executive summary, China's specific intent is to "build counters to third-party, including potential U.S., intervention in [Taiwan] Strait crises." The report continues, "Deterring, defeating, or delaying foreign intervention ahead of Taiwan's capitulation is integral to Beijing's strategy." To this end, China is expanding its "force of ballistic missiles (long-range and short-range), cruise missiles, submarines, advanced aircraft, and other modern systems."
China's Sea-Power Goals
If they are curious about China's intent, Pentagon planners might look to comments by General Wen Zongren, Political Commissar of the Chinese People's Liberation Army's elite Academy of Military Science. The MPPRC Report quotes General Wen as asserting that China must "break" the "blockade [by] international forces against China's maritime security… Only when we break this blockade shall we be able to talk about China's rise… [T]o rise suddenly, China must pass through oceans> and go out of the oceans> in its future development." In fact, it is the explicit goal of the Chinese Communist Party to "increase the comprehensive strength of the nation."
The Chinese navy-and its submarine fleet, in particular-is a key tool in achieving that goal. The September 2004 promotion of Admiral Zhang Dingfa, a career submariner, to Chief of Staff of the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) and a full seat on the Central Military Commission was a clear signal of the primacy of submarine warfare in China's strategy for the Asia-Pacific region.
Growing Submarine Force
Admiral Zhang led PLAN's submarine modernization program and oversaw the acquisition of four modern Russian-built KILO subs, including the stealthy Type-636. Orders for eight more are on the books, with the first new boats to be delivered this month. That three Russian shipyards are at work to fill China's orders for new submarines betrays this build-up's urgency.
Admiral Zhang isn't relying solely on the Russians. He has also increased production-to 2.5 boats per year-of China's new, formidable Song-class diesel-electric submarine. China is also testing a new diesel-electric that the Defense intelligence community has designated the "Yuan." The Yuan is heavily inspired by Russian designs, including anechoic tile coatings and a super-quiet seven-blade screw. The addition of "air-independent propulsion," which permits a submarine to operate underwater for up to 30 days on battery power, will make the Song and Yuan submarines virtually inaudible to existing U.S. surveillance networks-and even to U.S. subs.
These new submarines will be more lethal when armed with Russian SKVAL ("Squall") torpedoes, which can reach 200 knots. There are reports that the SKVAL is already operational on some Chinese subs. As well, Russia has also transferred the Novator 3M-54E three-stage anti-ship cruise missile to China's submarine fleet for use against aircraft carriers. Each Chinese KILO is armed with four of these missiles.
America's Endangered Submarine Supremacy
In February 2005, Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld commented that the size of the Chinese fleet could surpass the United States Navy's within a decade. "It is an issue that the department thinks about and is concerned about and is attentive to." Indeed, the U.S. Navy will hold a series of major naval exercises in the Pacific this summer that will involve four aircraft carrier battle groups, including a carrier normally based on the U.S. East Coast. This will be the first time the Navy has deployed an Atlantic Fleet carrier to a Pacific exercise since the Vietnam War.
However, there is little indication that the Pentagon is taking the Chinese submarine challenge seriously. If it were, the QDR issued earlier this month would have recommended that the erosion of the U.S. submarine fleet come to an end.
But the QDR envisions a "return to a steady-state production rate of two attack submarines per year not later than 2012 while achieving an average per-hull procurement cost objective of $2.0 billion." This means that the U.S. sub fleet will continue to decline for another six years, during which time America's industrial base for constructing subs will further diminish and the per-unit cost of submarines will jump past $2 billion, impelling further cuts in the fleet.
Of the U.S. Pacific Fleet's 35 submarines (including three nuclear attack submarines based in Guam during 2006), about a dozen are underway at sea on operational duties at any one time. Under the QDR's most optimistic estimates, Pacific Command's sub fleet will diminish to about 30 by 2025.
Electric Boat (EB), the nation's preeminent submarine contractor, has announced plans to lay off 900 of its 1,700 designers and marine draftsmen engineers over the next three years. This is a crisis. It will mark the first time in 50 years that the U.S. has not had a new submarine design on the drawing board. EB laid off nearly 200 submarine engineers and machinists in early February-and EB is the only shipbuilder in the nation that maintains submarine designers. As the build-rate for subs collapsed, EB used maintenance and repair work to pay designers' salaries and maintain its staff of highly-skilled steelworkers. But without new orders, EB will lay off almost half of its workforce of over 5,000 over the next three years
U.S. Navy combatant commanders already require 150 percent of the attack submarine days currently available, and these requirements will only increase as the submarine force dwindles. If the United States allows production to dwindle further, expertise will be lost and costs will skyrocket for any new classes of submarines contemplated for the post-2012 period.
Meanwhile, China's fleet of modern attack submarines is growing: China already has ten Song/Yuan/Kilo submarines in the Pacific today, over 50 older Ming-class and Romeo boats, five Han class nuclear attack submarines, and one Xia-class ballistic missile submarine. In addition, China has 25 new boats under contract now; 16 are under construction today, including a new class of nuclear attack submarine designated the Type-093 and a new nuclear ballistic missile sub, the Type-094.
The U.S. has three submarines under construction today. Although the Navy's new 30-year shipbuilding plan calls for 48 nuclear attack submarines in the fleet by 2035, the Navy's top submarine commander, Vice Admiral Charles L. Munns, has testified before Congress that the Navy needs at least 54 boats to fulfill current critical missions. This number will rise as China's navy expands.
If the Navy does not start launching new subs at the rate of two per year until several years after 2012, the force would dip to a low of 40 in 2028, or 17 percent below the Navy's stated needs. And that rate will not even permit the Navy to reach its sub-minimal target of 48 attack submarines until 2034. All of this assumes that the Navy does not decommission ships faster than expected due to expanded operations in coming years.
Recommendations for the Administration and Congress
The United States must return to building at least two, and preferably two-and-a-half, new attack submarines per year beginning in FY 2009. The U.S. must begin procurement for long lead-time components, such as nuclear reactors, in FY 2007 and 2008. These steps are necessary just to hold U.S. subsurface strength steady.
The Administration should also work with key strategic partners in Asia to bolster their fleets. Japan and India are potential submarine warfare partners. Japan must also be encouraged to upgrade its anti-submarine warfare (ASW) and surveillance systems.

Update
2013
Vietnam received the second Kilo-class Russian built submarines. This two has been put in operational mode in South China Sea for surveillance purposes. The rest 4 will be delivered annually till 2016.
2014 The map below shows operators of submarines in green, and operators of ballistic missile in orange.

The table below, information was droned by drone88, shows list of countries that are technologically-capable to build submarines. 

Taiwan's BMD Radar Gives Unique Data on China

Chinapost
The MND said in the report that the radar, the first of its kind in Asia, can conduct 360-degree surveillance and has a maximum range of 3,300 kilometers, encompassing almost the whole of East Asia and Western Pacific.

Miragec14
Defensenews

Taiwan’s early warning radar (EWR) on the island’s west coast has gained the respect of just about everyone in the region — except China, because it is the most “powerful radar in the world,” said a Taiwan defense industry source.
Sources debate the potential power of the radar, based on Leshan Mountain near the city of Hsinchu, but all agree it is a multifaceted, ultra high frequency (UHF) radar capable of tracking air-breathing targets — including cruise missiles — and ballistic missiles at 3,000 kilometers, depending on the target.
The requirement for such a powerful surveillance platform came about at China’s instigation. During the 1995-96 Taiwan Strait missile crisis, China launched 10 DF-15 short-range ballistic missiles (SRBMs) into the waters north and south of the island. The intent was to discourage Taiwan from conducting its first democratic elections, but it failed.
The US responded by sending two aircraft carrier groups to the area as a show of support. At the time, China had approximately 350 DF-11/15 SRBMs, but today that number is about 1,100.
Taiwan responded to the threat by procuring Patriot Advanced Capability-2 (PAC-2) ballistic missile defense systems with three fire units. The units were stationed around the capital city of Taipei, leaving much of the central and southern part of the island unprotected, except for an indigenous air defense missile system, the Tien Kung 2 (Sky Bow).
In 2008, the US released 330 PAC-3 missiles, and in 2010, the US released an additional 114 PAC-3 missiles.
In 2000, the US government approved the sale of ballistic missile detection radar under the Surveillance Radar Program (SRP). Raytheon proposed an advanced UHF long-range EWR based on the AN/FPS-115 Pave Paws, and Lockheed offered the Medium Extended Air Defense System.
Raytheon won the contract in 2004 and began construction in 2009..
In late 2012, shortly after going online, the radar managed to track the launch of a North Korean missile. It is 170 kilometers from China’s coastline and directly across from China’s signal intelligence station at Dongjing Shan. This is significant because the radar reportedly has jamming capabilities.
During a war, China will do whatever it takes to destroy that radar.
“It’s not expected to last an hour during a war with China,” said one US defense industry source.
One US defense industry analyst with close ties to Taiwan’s military said the DSP has access to it.
“The US gave Taiwan free access to DSP satellites for the last 10 years. So this is quid pro quo,” he said.

US plans for Guam missile base seen as countering strength of China

The US is planning to station anti-ballistic-missile systems on the Pacific island of Guam, a move ostensibly to defend against unpredictable North Korea and

to counter China.
Within Washington's defence plans for next year are provisions for siting terminal high-altitude area defence (Thaad) systems on the island territory, combined with the broader realignment of US forces in the Asia-Pacific region.
Under those movements, United States troop numbers on the Japanese island of Okinawa are due to be cut, with troops from the Futenma air station relocated to an enlarged base in the northeast of the prefecture, while others will be reassigned to Guam, South Korea and Australia.
Thaad systems and Patriot interceptor missiles have been stationed on Guam in the past, supplementing warships.
http://www.scmp.com/news/asia/article/1377733/us-plans-guam-missile-base-seen-countering-strength-china

New aircraft carriers to be built in Dalian and Shanghai

Mỉagec14
http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subclass-cnt.aspx?id=1101&MainCatID=11&id=20131211000053

China will construct two conventionally powered aircraft carriers in Dalian and Shanghai between 2014 and 2015.
Under the Commission's Project 048, China aims to establish three carrier battle groups by 2020 so that all three major fleets of the PLA Navy will be able to carry out missions with the full support of an aircraft carrier. The two new Type 001A indigenous carriers will be updated versions of China's first aircraft carrier, the Liaoning. They will also likely be designed with a ski-jump ramp, according to Duowei.
The General Equipment Department of the PLA has already signed a contract with the Beijing-based China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation to build the two carriers.
China has yet to decide whether its J-31 stealth fighter will replace the J-15 to become the country's next generation carrier-based fighter. The J-31 fighter entered service before the J-15, and is able to land or take off from the flight deck of the Liaoning. Sources said that a decision will only be made after the construction of the nation's second and third aircraft carriers is completed.

12 China-Made Helicopters Delivered to Cambodia/ Trung Quốc chuyển 12 trực thăng cho Campuchia

Twelve Chinese-built Zhi-9 (Z-9) utility helicopters, which Cambodia had purchased from China, were delivered to the Royal Cambodian Air Force on Monday.
The helicopters will be used to serve training in order to strengthen capacity for the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces in defending territorial integrity and in cracking down on offenses in remote areas, and they will also be used for humanitarian activities such as disasters.

source: defense-studies; migrace14

Câu chuyện về su-27 và J-11 (China)

(Soha.vn) - Thương vụ bán Su-27SK cho Trung Quốc tưởng chừng "ngon ăn" đã trở thành "quả đắng" đối với Nga.

Vào đầu những năm 90, Không quân Trung Quốc trở nên lép vế so với các cường quốc trong khu vực. Sự phát triển của chương trình tiêm kích nội địa J-10 giậm chân tại chỗ vì không nhận được sự trợ giúp công nghệ từ bên ngoài. Đặc biệt, sự ra đời của các tiêm kích thế 4 đời thứ 3 như F-16C/D block 50/52, F-15E , Su-27SM, MiG-29 SM càng làm cho sự tụt hậu về chất lượng của Không quân Trung Quốc trở nên xa hơn.
Tuy nhiên, việc Liên Xô sụp đổ đã mang lại “cơ hội ngàn vàng” cho Trung Quốc. Nước Nga đang lâm vào tình cảnh khó khăn và rất cần tiền để tái thiết đất nước.
Tiêm kích Su-27SK nhập khẩu trực tiệp từ Nga của Không quân Trung Quốc.
Tiêm kích Su-27SK được Không quân Trung Quốc nhập khẩu từ Nga
Năm 1990, một phái đoàn quân sự cấp cao của Trung Quốc đã đến thăm Nga nhằm tìm kiếm cơ hội tái hợp tác quân sự. Khi được “mục sở thị" tiêm kích Su-27, họ đã hoàn toàn bị thuyết phục. Sau khi bàn bạc với lãnh đạo quân đội và chính phủ Trung Quốc, họ đã nhất quyết mua bằng được Su-27 để tăng cường sức mạnh.

Su-27 là một tiêm kích chiếm ưu thế trên không và đánh chặn tầm xa, tiêm kích này có tốc độ tối đa khoảng 2.500km/h. Su-27 được trang bị 10 giá treo dưới cánh thể mang theo tải trọng vũ khí tới 8 tấn, bao gồm các loại tên lửa không đối không tầm trung R-27, tên lửa không đối không tầm ngắn R-73, bom thông minh KAB-500/1500. Tạp chí Flight Global đã xếp hạng Su-27 là một trong những tiêm kích tốt nhất thế kỷ 20.
Trung Quốc đã ký kết hợp đồng mua 26 chiếc Su-27SK vào năm 1991 và trở thành khách hàng nước ngoài đầu tiên của loại tiêm kích này. Lô hàng thứ 2 bao gồm 22 chiếc được ký kết vào năm 1993, lô hàng thứ 3 bao gồm 28 chiếc được ký kết vào năm 1996. Tổng cộng Trung Quốc có 76 chiếc Su-27SK nhập khẩu trực tiếp từ Nga.

Cú lừa ngoạn mục
Sau khi đã đặt hàng số lượng khá lớn tiêm kích Su-27SK, năm 1995 Trung Quốc bắt đầu gạ gẫm Nga chuyển giao công nghệ để sản xuất Su-27SK tại nước này. Nhằm thuyết phục Nga, Bắc Kinh đã đặt lên bàn đàm phán số lượng chuyển giao công nghệ tới 200 chiếc, với tổng giá trị lên đến 2,5 tỷ USD, một số tiền nằm mơ cũng không thấy tại thời điểm đó.

Hợp đồng nhanh chóng được ký kết, phía Nga cũng cam kết sẽ giúp tăng dần tỷ lệ nội địa hóa. Tiêm kích Su-27SK sản xuất tại Trung Quốc được chỉ định là J-11 do công ty chế tạo máy bay Thẩm Dương đảm nhận. Chiếc tiêm kích J-11 đầu tiên sản xuất tại Trung Quốc được xuất xưởng vào tháng 12/1998.
Các thành phần chính của tiêm kích như động cơ, hệ thống điện tử, hệ thống điều khiển hỏa lực, radar được sản xuất tại Nga và chuyển đến Trung Quốc lắp ráp cùng một số bộ phận phụ do nước này sản xuất. Đến năm 2004, khi số lượng sản xuất được khoảng 100 chiếc thì Bắc Kinh bất ngờ tuyên bố ngưng hợp đồng và yêu cầu phía Nga ngừng chuyển giao linh kiện.
Lý do mà phía Trung Quốc đưa ra là Nga không chuyển giao công nghệ sản xuất động cơ, hệ thống điện tử cho phía họ. Thêm nữa là hệ thống điều khiển hỏa lực do Nga sản xuất không phù hợp với loại tên lửa mà Trung Quốc chế tạo nên Bắc Kinh bắt buộc phải nhập khẩu tên lửa từ Nga để trang bị cho J-11.
Một lý do khác được phía Trung Quốc đưa ra là J-11 chỉ đảm đương được nhiệm vụ chiếm ưu thế trên không, khả năng tấn công mặt đất quá yếu, không phù hợp với yêu cầu của họ. Mặc dù sau đó, Sukhoi đã giới thiệu cho Trung Quốc biến thể tiêm kích đa nhiệm Su-27SKM nhưng Bắc Kinh đã từ chối bởi những gì họ học được từ Nga đã đủ để sao chép thành một máy bay khác.
So với Su-27SK, J-11B có những thay đổi trong trang bị như sau:
- Radar điều khiển hỏa lực xung Doppler Type 147X/KLJ-X do Trung Quốc sản xuất, có khả năng theo dõi từ 6-8 mục tiêu, tấn công 4 mục tiêu cùng lúc.
- Hệ thống kiểm soát bay “fly-by-wire” do Trung Quốc sản xuất.
- Hệ thống tìm kiếm và chỉ thị mục tiêu quang-điện sao chép từ hệ thống OEPS-27 của Nga.
- Buồng lái nhà kính với 4 màn hình hiển thị đa chức năng LCD cùng màn hình hiển thị HUD 3 chiều.
Tải trọng vũ khí của J-11B vẫn tương đương Su-27SK nhưng có thể sử dụng tên lửa do Trung Quốc sản xuất như tên lửakhông đối không tầm ngắn PL-8, tên lửa không đối không tầm trung PL-12, tên lửa chống bức xạ YJ-91, bom dẫn hướng laser LS-6.
Thông tin về loại động cơ trang bị cho J-11B không thực sự rõ ràng. Có thông tin cho rằng J-11B sử dụng động cơ WS-10A do Trung Quốc tự sản xuất nhưng cũng có nguồn nói WS-10A hoạt động không ổn định nên J-11B phải trang bị động cơ AL-31F của Nga.
Trong những năm gần đây Trung Quốc đã nhập khẩu từ Nga khoảng 1.000 động cơ phản lực AL-31F. Điều đó cho thấy động cơ nội địa WS-10A vẫn chưa thể đưa vào trang bị đại trà. Mặc dù đã phá hợp đồng với Nga để sao chép thành J-11B nhưng một lần nữa Trung Quốc phải phụ thuộc vào Nga để nhập khẩu động cơ cho tiêm kích này.
Tốc độ sản xuất của J-11B bị phụ thuộc vào việc cung cấp động cơ từ Nga, Bắc Kinh vẫn chưa thể nắm được thế chủ động. Một số nhà phân tích cho rằng, nếu Bắc Kinh đồng ý tiếp nhận biến thể đa nhiệm Su-27SKM để thực hiện nốt hợp đồng sản xuất 200 chiếc với Nga, họ có thể đã có được những công nghệ cần thiết để sản xuất động cơ phản lực trong nước.
Không thể tự chủ trong chế tạo động cơ máy bay, lòng tham vô đáy của Trung Quốc nhằm đốt cháy giai đoạn để chứng minh rằng họ có thể vượt mặt Nga đã bị siết lại. Công nghiệp hàng không quân sự Trung Quốc tiếp tục bị khống chế bằng nguồn cung động cơ phản lực từ Nga ít nhất trong vòng 10 năm tới.
Sau những nỗ lực sao chép động cơ phản lực AL-31F của Nga không thành công, gần đây Trung Quốc tiếp tục “giở chiêu” cũ khi ngỏ ý mời Nga hợp tác sản xuất động cơ phản lực cho tiêm kích tàng hình J-20.
Dựa trên J-11, Trung Quốc đã sao chép thành một biến thể khác được chỉ định là J-11B. Điều này đã khiến ngành công nghiệp hàng không của Nga phải chịu những tổn thất nghiêm trọng. Thương vụ bán Su-27 cho Trung Quốc tưởng chừng "ngon ăn" đã trở thành "quả đắng" đối với Nga.

Liaoning aircraft carrier/ Hàng không mẫu hạm Liaoning Trung Quốc

Sau những tuần tập luyện liên tục trên biển, Liêu Ninh, tàu sân bay đầu tiên của Trung Quốc đã có thể cất cánh ba Shenyang J-15 máy bay chiến đấu đồng thời từ sàn đáp của nó.
Liêu Ninh có tổng cộng ba bệ phóng máy bay phản lực. Trong khi hai bộ phóng song song được đặt ngay phía trước của cấu trúc thượng tầng "sky jump", một phần ba nằm gần với đuôi tàu. Với tất cả ba vị trí hoạt động đầy đủ, chiếc tàu sân bay có khả năng tung ra ba J-15 từ đoạn đường nối phía trước của nó cùng một lúc.
Khả năng của các phi hành đoàn của Liêu Ninh để tháo rời và lắp ráp lại J-15 động cơ phản lực trên chiếc tàu sân đã được thử nghiệm cũng trong nhiệm vụ kiểm tra ba tuần.
Tuy nhiên, PLA Hải quân Không quân là không thể chuyển động cơ máy bay chiến đấu mới cho Liêu Ninh thông qua một tàu sân bay trên tàu bay giao hàng như Northrop Grumman C-2 hoạt động của Hải quân Mỹ. Bộ Quốc phòng Trung Quốc đã không đề cập đến việc Liêu Ninh đã có thể cất hoặc hạ cánh máy bay chiến đấu vào ban đêm.

Source: Migrace14

During its three-week exercise in open seas, Liaoning, China's first aircraft carrier was able to launch three Shenyang J-15 fighters simultaneously from its flight deck.
The Liaoning has a total of three jet blast deflectors. While two parallel deflectors are located immediately forward of the island superstructure, a third is located closer to the stern of the ship. With all three positions fully operational, the aircraft carrier is capable of launching three J-15s from its forward ramp at the same time.
The ability of Liaoning's crew to disassemble and reassemble J-15 jet engines aboard the carrier was tested as well during the three-week test mission.
However, The PLA Navy Air Force is unable to transfer new fighter engines to the Liaoning through a carrier onboard delivery aircraft like the Northrop Grumman C-2 operated by the US Navy. The Chinese defense ministry did not mention whether Liaoning was able to launch or recover fighters at night.